اما چگونه کار یوزپلنگ به اینجا کشید؟
اتفاقات سیزده پست گذشته را جهت پاسخ به این سوال مرور میکنم.
از بزگترین مسائلی که کار را به اینجا کشاند، فاصله میان دانشگاه و فیلد بود. اساتید دانشگاه عموما به تولید علم در دانشگاه مشغولند و جز فعالیتهای دانشجویانشان و پروژههای دانشگاه، ارتباطی با مناطق ندارند. بالعکس نسل ما بیشتر وقت خود را در مناطق سپری میکند تا دانشگاه. این شکاف از اصلیترین دلایل شرایطی است که برای یوز ایجاد شده است. فکر میکنم ما در انجمن باید در گذشته تلاش بیشتری برای حضور اساتید در پروژههای حفاظتی انجام میدادیم. بدون شک علم اساتید و تجارب ما در مناطق میتوانست کیفیت حفاظت را به مراتب افزایش دهد.
ما فعالان محیطزیست که بر گونههای مختلف کار میکردیم پروژههای مختلفی را به صورت سعی و خطا پیش بردیم. چه بسا دانشی که توسط اساتید خارجی دریافت میکردیم به مراتب بیش از اساتید داخلی بود.
در فعالیتهای گروهی نیز این نسل جوان به همان اندازه که خلاق، توانمند و پیشرو بود، کاستیهایی هم داشت. تجربه فعالیت تشکلهای گوناگون و از هم پاشیدن آنها نمونه بارز این موضوع است. صدها نفر از این انجمن به آن انجمن رفتند. تشکلهای جدید تشکیل داند. از آنها هم خارج شدند. ما فعالان شاید به اندازه کافی پختگی کار گروهی را نداشتیم.این مسئله باعث شد همواره دلخوریها بیشتر شود و همافزاییها کاهش پیدا کند.
دشمن اصلی در تمام این سالها «انقراض» بود. اما به دفعات ما این دشمن را فراموش کردیم و همه چیز را فدای عقاید و منافع شخصی کردیم. همکاری جایش را به رقابت و مسابقه داد. بارها تلاش کردیم دوستانمان را از صحنه حفاظت حذف کنیم. مناطق و گونهها را همچون دارایی شخصی در انحصار درآوردیم. هم اخلاق را باختیم و هم نبرد با انقراض را.
در این میان سرعت انقراض یوزپلنگ آنچنان پر شتاب بود که مدام از ما جلو میزد. طی پنج سال، آمار رسمی جمعیت یوزپلنگ از «بیش از صد فرد»، ابتدا به «کمتر از صد فرد» و سپس به «کمتر از هفتاد فرد» و نهایتا «کمتر از چهل فرد» رسید. در این میان ما بیشتر مشغول جنگیدن و سهم خواهی بودیم. تشکلها و فعالین مستقل مدام یکدیگر را محکوم و فرصت کشی میکردند.
دولت نیز در دوران معصومه ابتکار تلاش کرد با انتشار آمار متورم از جمعیت یوزپلنگ برای خود اعتبار بخرد. کار به جایی کشید که گفتند روند جمعیت معکوس شده است! یعنی یوزپلنگ در حال افزایش است!! بدتر اینکه برخی مدعیان حفاظت یوز با این بازی سیاسی همراه شدند.
درکنار ادعای دولت، برخی نیز با خوشبینی غیر منطقی در برابر این ادعاها نقش غیرقابل بخششی در این روند داشتند. خوشبینی که همچنان نیز ادامه دارد و البته معتقدم پس از گذشت زمان بیشتر رنگ توهم گرفته است.
در طول تمامی این اتفاقات اما نقدی به شدت متوجه انجمن است. با اینکه فکر میکنم انجمن در بسیاری از شرایط میتوانست بهتر عمل کند اما وقتی کم تجربگی خودمان و بی اخلاقی محض برخی بازیگران را مرور میکنم، هنوز نمیدانم انجمن بهتر بود چگونه عمل میکرد. برخی از تصمیمات انجمن ناشی از ملاحظات یوز بود. بهطور مثال اگر به صورت عمومی اعلام میکردیم فلان فرد باعث شد انجمن مجوز دوربینگذاری و پایش در دوره ای نگیرد، تبعات اینکار چه میبود؟ قطعا محدودیت بیشتری برایمان به وجود میآوردند. بارها و بارها ما برای اینکه مجوز ورود به مناطق بگیریم مجبور شده ایم در خصوص بی اخلاقیها، خیانتها و انحصارطلبیها سکوت کنیم. اما شاید بهتر بود سکوت نمیکردیم تا امروز افراد بیشتری بدانند چه کسانی و چگونه با دروغ و انحصارطلبی بزرگترین خیانت را به یوز کردند. حین تلاش برخی برای آسیب زدن به ما و البته دیگر بازیگران عرصه حفاظت که با آنها همراه نمیشدند، یوز در حال منقرض شدن بود. شاید بهتر بود در مقابل رانتخواری هدفمند دولتی، درو کردن منابع و روابط، تخریب عمدی ذینفعان و مافیا بازی؛ سکوت نمیکردیم. امروز که کار از کار گذشته به اینها فکر میکنم. آنروزها سعی کردیم با اخلاق جواب دهیم. اما امروز به یقین رسیدهام که در این خصوص اشتباه کردیم. بهتر بود از ابتدا نسبت به این قضیه شفاف عمل میکردیم. شاید وضعیت یوز بهتر از الان بود.
این اصطکاکها باعث شد بسیاری از مطالبات به نحو احسن انجام نگیرد یا به بیراهه رود. شرایط امنیتی سالهای اخیر هم مزید بر علت شد. نهادهای امنیتی استانها مجوز دوربینگذاری نمیدهند. تحریمها و کرونا روابط بینالمللی را به شدت تحت تاثیر قرار داده است. سادهترین ابزار کار ما که دوربین تلهای است، به مثابه یک ابزار جاسوسی و امنیتی تبدیل شده و زمزمههای غیرقانونی شدن آن به گوش میرسد.
از سوی دیگر هر چه انقراض جدیتر شد، افراد کمتری مشغول حفاظت بوند. یا بریدند و ترسیدند و یا مسیر زندگیشان عوض شد. هر چه که شد، کار یوز امروز به اینجا رسید.
بهطور خلاصه، جوان بودن نسل حفاظتگران، فاصله دانشگاه و فیلد، بی اخلاقی، رانتخواری، سیاسیکاری، انحصار طلبی و تحریم کار را به اینجا رساند.
شانسی برای برگشت نیست.
هرچه هست امروز وضعیت یوزپلنگ خطرناک است و جمعیت در یک قدمی انقراض. باید دوباره متحد شویم. گذشته قابل اصلاح نیست و آینده تنها چیزیست که داریم. اگر اشتباهات را کنار بگذاریم، شانس بقا برای یوزپلنگ باقیست.
نُه شهریور، روز ملی یوزپلنگ ایرانی بود. روزی که تلنگری است تا فراموش نکنیم در چه جنگی هستیم. تنها دشمن تمامی ما انقراض است و هرکه در این جبهه میجنگد، فارغ از نام و عنوان و… دوست است. نه رقیب.
پایان
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از همه رفقایی که با این چند پست همراه بودند ممنونم. میدونم طولانی شد اما واقعیت اینه که از این خلاصهتر نمیشد نوشت.
اینها را هم برای خودم نوشتم که یادم نرود چه بر ما و یوز گذشت، هم نوشتم تا باب گفتگو باز شود.
باید یادمان باشد نه ما دیگر این اشتباهات را کنیم، و نه نسل جدید راه ما را برود. شاید فردا برای دیگر گونهها روشنتر بود.
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